Microcalcification and Macrocalcification Detection in Mammograms Based on GLCM and ODCM Texture Features Using SVM Classifier

Breast cancer is a common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Photographing the changes in internal breast structure due to formation of masses and microcalcification for detection of Breast Cancer is known as Mammogram, which are low dose x-ray images. These images play a very significant role in early detection of breast cancer. Usually in pattern recognition texture analysis is used for classification based on content of image or in image segmentation based on variation of intensities of gray scale levels or colours. Similarly texture analysis can also be used to identify masses and microcalcification in mammograms. However Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) technique introduced by Haralick was initially used in study of remote sensing images. Radiologists f i n d i t d i f f i c u l t to identify the mass in a mammogram, since the masses are surrounded by pectoral muscle and blood vessels. In breast cancer screening, radiologists usually miss approximately 10% - 30% of tumors because of the ambiguous margins of tumors resulting from long-time diagnosis. Computer-aided detection system is developed to aid radiologists in detecting ma mammographic masses which indicate the presence of breast cancer. In this paper the input image is pre-processed initially that includes noise removal, pectoral muscle removal, thresholding, contrast enhancement and suspicious mass is detected and the features are extracted based on the mass detected. A feature extraction method based on grey level co- occurrence matrix and optical density features called GLCM -OD features is used to describe local texture characteristics and the discrete photometric distribution of each ROI. Finally, a support vector machine is used to classify abnormal regions by selecting the individual performance of each feature. The results prove that the proposed system achieves an excellent detection performance using SVM classifier

How Differing Soil Microbial Communities and Dehydration Stress Effect Arabidopsis thaliana Morphological Development

Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to five different soil treatments: Vermicompost, ‘Food Waste’ Compost, Potting soil (4:1 Promix BX/Perlite), Autoclaved Vermicompost and Autoclaved ‘Food Waste’ compost. Soil treatments A and B were tested for the presence of bacteria using MacConkey and Phenylethyl Alcohol media. All plants were watered on Tuesdays and Fridays and no longer received water after one month. Leaf number, stem height and length of the largest leaf were measured before and after dehydration stress. Once the dehydration stress began, the majority of the plants did not survive with the exception of the vermicompost

Analytical Study of Certain Magnetohydrodynamic-alpha Models

In this paper we present an analytical study of a subgrid scale turbulence model of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, inspired by the Navier-Stokes-alpha (also known as the viscous Camassa-Holm equations or the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model). Specifically, we show the global well-posedness and regularity of solutions of a certain MHD-alpha model (which is a particular case of the Lagrangian averaged magnetohydrodynamic-alpha model without enhancing the dissipation for the magnetic field). We also introduce other subgrid scale turbulence models, inspired by the Leray-alpha and the modified Leray-alpha models of turbulence. Finally, we discuss the relation of the MHD-alpha model to the MHD equations by proving a convergence theorem, that is, as the length scale alpha tends to zero, a subsequence of solutions of the MHD-alpha equations converges to a certain solution (a Leray-Hopf solution) of the three-dimensional MHD equations.Comment: 26 pages, no figures, will appear in Journal of Math Physics; corrected typos, updated reference

Plankton Productivity in Lagoons of Agatti and Bangaram Atolls of Lakshadweep Archipelago, India

Phytoplankters and zooplankters function as important links in the food chain and form the food of a large number of organisms in the aquatic ecosystem. As plankters play an important role in the health of an aquatic ecosystem, the study on these resources in the productive aquatic ecosystems of Lakshadweep is significant. Earlier studies carried out earlier from Agatti and Bangaram are by Pratap et al. (1977), Achuthankutty et al. (1989) and Casanova & Nair (1999). No recent reports are available on plankters from Agatti and Bangaram. Hence, an attempt is made to study the qualitative and quantitative abundance of phytoplankters and zooplankters in the selected lagoons of Lakshadweep

Improved DASH Architecture for Quality Cloud Video Streaming in Automated Systems

In modern times, multimedia streaming systems that transmit video across a channel primarily use HTTP services as a delivery component. Encoding the video for all quality levels is avoided thanks to fuzzy based encoders' ability to react to network changes. Additionally, the system frequently uses packet priority assignment utilising a linear error model to enhance the dynamic nature of DASH without buffering. Based on a fuzzy encoder, the decision of video quality is made in consideration of the bandwidth available. This is a component of the MPEG DASH encoder. The Fuzzy DASH system seeks to increase the scalability of online video streaming, making it suitable for live video broadcasts through mobile and other devices

Effects of Art from the Heart on Nurse Satisfaction and Patient Well-Being

Introduction. Art programs have been shown to positively affect unit culture, quality of care, and nursing practices. Art interventions improve well-being, reduce stress, and enhance nurse-patient communication. Art from the Heart (AFTH) is an art program that provides art supplies, visual art, and patient About Me pages to patients, families and employees at University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMMC).Objective. Assess the efficacy of AFTH through nursing staff perceptions, understanding, and attitudes toward the program.Methods. Structured interviews were conducted on Baird 4, an adult inpatient ward, at UVMMC. A 19-question survey using Likert scales and short answer formats was administered to nursing staff. Questions assessed perceptions of effects of art on patient anxiety and pain, communication, and job satisfaction. Surveys were analyzed to extract major and minor themes.Results. Twenty-eight interviews were obtained and two major themes emerged: nurse satisfaction and patient well-being. Nursing staff satisfaction minor themes included improved productivity, promoting conversation, and creating a positive influence on the unit. Respondents reported that AFTH helped initiate conversations with patients (100% of respondents) and reduced workday stress (68%). The second major theme, patient well-being, included benefits to patients with dementia, providing comfort, and serving as an outlet or distraction. Utilizing AFTH improved perceived patient mood (100%), health (78.5%), and reduced patient anxiety (89.3%).Conclusions. AFTH provides positive benefits by reducing nursing staff stress and perceived patient anxiety; improving communication, perceived patient mood and health; and creating a sense of community. AFTH should be expanded to the entire 6 Community Agency: Burlington City Arts, Art from the Hearthttps://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1240/thumbnail.jp

Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) and atomic absorption spectrometer characterization of Zea mays (Maydis stigma) hairs

Rhetorically, primitive and ancient civilizations have long relied on dietary minerals in the prevention of diseases. Being elemental atoms, minerals, in contrast to micro molecules do not undergo changes during digestion. Major minerals serve as structural components of tissues, function in cellular and basal metabolism, and in water and acid-base balance. The soft textured Zea mays (Maydis stigma) hairs are a well-organized collection of stigmas of the corn maize that historically as ancient as the Aztec civilization was cited for traditional medicinal care. In modern medicine, it was used as a mild diuretic, urinary demulcent and for the management of bladder irritation (due to uric acid and phosphatic gravel). This study revisits the Zea mays to elucidate its reported therapeutic prowess by initiating a high-resolution microscopical inspection and its micronutrients using VPSEM, EDX and AAS. Results: The outermost film of the corn hairs soaked in ethanol manifest a very smooth, nodenatured like surface. While cross-sectional view of fresh corn silk samples revealed microtubules of non-homogenous diameters and size configurations. The measured diameter of the porous tubules ranges from 58 - 101μm. The amounts of Ca, Mg, Na and K on raw freshly harvested and oven dried corn hair were comparatively higher than the amounts of other minerals. The concentration of Ca in fresh and oven dried corn hair was accounted for 546 and 323 mg/L, respectively and significantly higher than the values of corn silks macerated with NaOH (108 mg/L) and NaHClO (7.58 mg/L), respectively. In conclusion, ethanol is a n excellent preservative for cornsilk by revealing a smooth non-denatured surface of corn silk while NaOH and NaHClO is detrimentally and distorted natural cytoskeleton of the tissues by removing essential organic and inorganic components. The highest mineral contents presented in raw freshly harvested and oven dried corn silk were Ca, Mg, K and Na

Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications

BACKGROUND: Kallistatin, a serpin widely produced throughout the body, has vasodilatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Effects of diabetes and its vascular complications on serum kallistatin levels are unknown. METHODS: Serum kallistatin was quantified by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 116 Type 1 diabetic patients (including 50 with and 66 without complications) and 29 non-diabetic controls, and related to clinical status and measures of oxidative stress and inflammation. RESULTS: Kallistatin levels (mean(SD)) were increased in diabetic vs. control subjects (12.6(4.2) vs. 10.3(2.8) μg/ml, p = 0.007), and differed between diabetic patients with complications (13.4(4.9) μg/ml), complication-free patients (12.1(3.7) μg/ml), and controls; ANOVA, p = 0.007. Levels were higher in diabetic patients with complications vs. controls, p = 0.01, but did not differ between complication-free diabetic patients and controls, p > 0.05. On univariate analyses, in diabetes, kallistatin correlated with renal dysfunction (cystatin C, r = 0.28, p = 0.004; urinary albumin/creatinine, r = 0.34, p = 0.001; serum creatinine, r = 0.23, p = 0.01; serum urea, r = 0.33, p = 0.001; GFR, r = -0.25, p = 0.009), total cholesterol (r = 0.28, p = 0.004); LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.21, p = 0.03); gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (r = 0.27, p = 0.04), and small artery elasticity, r = -0.23, p = 0.02, but not with HbA1c, other lipids, oxidative stress or inflammation. In diabetes, geometric mean (95%CI) kallistatin levels adjusted for covariates, including renal dysfunction, were higher in those with vs. without hypertension (13.6 (12.3-14.9) vs. 11.8 (10.5-13.0) μg/ml, p = 0.03). Statistically independent determinants of kallistatin levels in diabetes were age, serum urea, total cholesterol, SAE and GGT, adjusted r2 = 0.24, p < 0.00001. CONCLUSIONS: Serum kallistatin levels are increased in Type 1 diabetic patients with microvascular complications and with hypertension, and correlate with renal and vascular dysfunction